Which type of control involves using natural predators to manage pest populations?

Biological control is the method that utilizes natural predators to manage pest populations. This approach focuses on harnessing the natural enemies of pests, such as predators, parasitoids, or pathogens, to reduce pest numbers. For instance, introducing ladybugs to control aphid populations is a classic example of biological control. This strategy is considered environmentally friendly because it works within the ecosystem and promotes natural biodiversity, often leading to sustainable pest management without the harmful side effects associated with synthetic pesticides.

In contrast, cultural control involves changing farming practices to make the environment less conducive to pests. Chemical control relies on chemical pesticides to eliminate pests, which can have negative impacts on both the ecosystem and human health. Physical control employs methods like traps or barriers to manage pest populations. While all these methods aim to reduce pests, biological control is unique in its reliance on the natural balance of predator-prey relationships.